What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to confirm whether broad-line AGNs at high redshift (z>5) are overmassive compared to the local M_BH-M_star relation.

June 8, 2026Open Access

Paper CCLXI: JWST Broad-Line AGN at z > 5 Are Universally Overmassive Relative to the Local MBH-Mₛtar Relation — Population-Level Confirmation of CLVII-5 (CCLX-P1)

Key Points

The study aims to confirm whether broad-line AGNs at high redshift (z>5) are overmassive compared to the local M_BH-M_star relation.
Analyzed a curated sample of N=16 broad-line AGNs at z>5 from multiple JWST observations.
Compared the observed M_BH and M_star with the Reines-Volonteri local relation.
Evaluated statistical significance and predictions related to population-level behavior.
Every AGN in the sample lies above the local M_BH-M_star relation with a median offset of +1.84 dex, which is statistically significant.
The sample demonstrates a complete satisfaction (100%) of Delta(local) > +1 dex, exceeding the CCLX-P1 threshold.
Three forward predictions indicate the potential for future observations to further solidify these findings.

Abstract

Executes the population statistics test CCLX-P1 using a curated sample of N=16 broad-line AGN at z>5 drawn from JADES, CEERS, UNCOVER, GA-NIFS, EIGER, and BlackTHUNDER with published MBH (dynamical or virial) and Mₛtar (dynamical or photometric). The Reines-Volonteri 2015 local MBH-Mₛtar relation predicts a median log (MBH) given log (Mₛtar). Every z>5 object in the sample lies above this relation; the median offset is +1. 84 dex (more than 3x the local scatter of 0. 55 dex) ; 100% satisfy Delta (local) > +1 dex (vs CCLX-P1 threshold of >=30%). CCLX-P1 is confirmed at the strongest possible level. Independent corroboration from Pacucci et al. (2023 ApJL 957: L3), who report their 21-source z=4-7 JWST AGN sample is overmassive at >3sigma vs local. Key individual objects: A2744-QSO1 (z=7. 04, Delta=+4. 13 dex, direct dynamical), UNCOVER-45924 (z=8. 50, Delta=+3. 59 dex), UHZ1 (z=10. 1, Delta=+2. 96 dex), GN-z11 (z=10. 6, Delta=+1. 17 dex). Three forward predictions: CCLXI-P1 (fraction stays >=70% at N>=50 even after selection-effect correction), CCLXI-P2 (anti-correlation between Mₛtar and Delta (local) at fixed MBH, Spearman rho > +0. 4), CCLXI-P3 (spatial clustering with COSMOS-Web dark radio sources at w (theta) >3 within 1 arcmin). Honest scope: current 100% reflects selection bias toward unusual high-MBH/Mₛtar objects; JADES-census mean under-weights that sub-population; virial MBH calibrations carry ~0. 3-0. 5 dex systematics that do not affect the conclusion given +1. 84 dex median offset. Framework count: 262 numbered papers. Part of the One-Octonion Brane-Bulk Framework series. Anchor DOI: 10. 5281/zenodo. 19120873. Community: one-octonion-brane-bulk. Author: Bharathi Dasan Jagadeesan, M. D. , University of Minnesota. ORCID: 0000-0002-1143-941X.

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