What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine the ecological impacts of synthetic pesticides on soil ecosystems and evaluate genome engineering-based remediation strategies.

June 8, 2026Open Access

Synthetic pesticides in soil ecosystems their sources ecological impacts and genetic engineering-based remediation strategies

Key Points

To examine the ecological impacts of synthetic pesticides on soil ecosystems and evaluate genome engineering-based remediation strategies.
Review of synthetic pesticide classes including organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids.
Assessment of pesticide pathways into soil systems and their effects on soil structure and microbial diversity.
Evaluation of genome engineering–based bioremediation and phytoremediation approaches.
Synthetic pesticide residues disrupt soil microbiomes and biogeochemical processes, leading to soil degradation.
Genetically engineered microorganisms and plants show promise as bioremediation strategies for contaminated soils.
Ecological risks and regulatory constraints are significant challenges to implementing genome engineering in soil management.

Abstract

Synthetic pesticides are widely applied in modern agriculture to improve crop productivity, but their long-term and excessive use has significantly compromised soil health and ecosystem sustainability. This review synthesizes evidence showing that persistent pesticide residues negatively affect soil structure, microbial diversity, enzymatic functions, and non-target soil invertebrates, leading to reduced soil fertility and ecological imbalance. The scope of this review covers major classes of synthetic pesticides—organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids—and their pathways into soil systems. Key findings indicate that pesticide-induced disruption of soil microbiomes and biogeochemical processes is a primary driver of soil degradation. Recent advances in genomeengineering–based bioremediation and phytoremediation, particularly those involving genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) and plants, are critically evaluated as promising mitigation strategies. However, ecological risks, regulatory constraints, and field-scale limitations remain significant challenges. Overall, this review highlights genome engineering (GE) as a potential tool for restoring pesticide-contaminated soils and supports its strategic integration into sustainable soil management frameworks.

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