This preprint presents Triadic Nuclear Mechanics (TMD) as a mechanically consistent model of nuclear structure in which the proton is the only elementary building block and the neutron represents an orientational state of the proton induced by a bonding triad stored in the third layer. The framework explains nuclear stability, the emergence of the neutron state, and the decay of the free neutron without invoking force fields or hypothetical internal particles. Using the ⁴He nucleus as an example, the work demonstrates that four protons form a closed triadic network with six orientational relations, where three protons transition into the neutron state. This configuration accounts for the exceptional stability of ⁴He and provides a foundation for understanding the structure of other light nuclei. The mechanics of neutron decay are described as a deterministic process driven by the orientational instability of the triad outside the nucleus. The downward shift of the triad into the dynamic region of the second layer leads to its ejection and the restoration of the proton’s pure orientation. The resulting orientational corrections manifest experimentally as the electron and the “antineutrino” flow. TMD offers a unified, force‑free mechanical framework for interpreting nuclear phenomena, providing an alternative to mainstream models based on quarks, gluons, and field interactions.
Aleš Kováč (Sun,) studied this question.