Designing Fault-Tolerant Event-Driven Systems: A SAGA-Oriented Approach to Consistency in High-Throughput Environments

Event-driven architectures have become the foundation for building scalable and responsive enterprise systems. By enabling asynchronous communication and decoupling services, these systems can handle high-throughput workloads and dynamic operational conditions. However, maintaining consistency across distributed components remains a critical challenge, particularly in environments where failures, delays, and retries are inevitable. The SAGA pattern has emerged as a widely adopted solution for managing distributed transactions without relying on strict coordination mechanisms. By decomposing complex operations into smaller steps and introducing compensating actions, SAGA provides a practical framework for achieving eventual consistency. However, in real-world systems, compensations are not always sufficient to guarantee coherent outcomes. This paper introduces a novel perspective on distributed consistency through the concept of a Convergence-Oriented SAGA model. Instead of focusing on execution paths, the proposed approach emphasizes outcome convergence. Systems are designed to continuously reconcile their current state with a desired target state, ensuring that distributed processes move toward consistent outcomes despite failures and uncertainties. The study develops a conceptual and architectural framework for designing fault-tolerant, event-driven systems that prioritize convergence over strict execution control. It demonstrates how this approach enhances resilience, improves consistency, and supports reliable system behavior in high-throughput environments.