Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Hypergraph Spatiotemporal Interaction Network

To improve the accuracy and stability of short-term traffic flow prediction in complex road networks and address the limitations of existing models in modeling spatiotemporal dependencies, this paper proposes a traffic flow prediction model based on a Hypergraph Spatio-Temporal Interaction Network (HGSTIN) in the context of intelligent transportation systems. The study constructs a multi-dimensional traffic pattern input tensor by integrating three temporal scales—proximity, intra-day, and intra-week—while taking traffic flow as the prediction target and introducing average speed and lane occupancy as auxiliary features. In terms of temporal modeling, a Transformer architecture integrated with a Dynamic Tanh (DyT) mechanism is adopted to capture multi-period variations. For spatial modeling, a neighborhood hypergraph and a DTW-based semantic hypergraph are combined to enhance the representation of local and global through spatial self-attention and hypergraph neural network branches, and an adaptive feature fusion module is designed to perform adaptively weighted fusion of the outputs from the two branches. In terms of loss function design, a temporal gradient consistency loss function is proposed to enhance the robustness of predictions. Experimental results on the PEMS04 and PEMS08 datasets show that the proposed model achieves average improvements of approximately 5.15%, 1.76%, and 3.88% in MAE, RMSE, and MAPE, respectively, compared to the second-best baseline model. The model exhibits the smallest performance degradation in multi-step prediction scenarios, and the effectiveness of each module is validated through ablation studies. The findings demonstrate that HGSTIN can effectively capture the dynamic spatiotemporal characteristics of complex traffic scenarios, thereby providing high-precision prediction support for intelligent transportation systems.