Dengue transmission remains a major public health challenge in rapidly urbanising regions, yet spatial risk patterns may vary across residential environments. This study investigated how housing typology, surrounding land use, and built–vegetation interfaces may represent environmental zones associated with elevated dengue occurrence in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Using validated georeferenced dengue surveillance records collected between 2020 and 2024, we applied GIS-based spatial analyses across three dominant residential housing typologies: terrace/landed housing, high-rise housing, and traditional/rural housing. Terrace housing demonstrated relatively stronger and more spatially continuous clustering patterns compared with other housing environments. Dengue occurrence in these areas was more closely associated with dense built-up surroundings and nearby vegetation. High-rise housing showed more localized clustering within highly built environments, whereas traditional and rural housing exhibited broader but weaker clustering patterns across more environmentally mixed landscapes. Overall, the findings suggest that dengue spatial distribution patterns differ according to housing structure and surrounding environmental context. The built–vegetation interface may represent an important environmental zone associated with elevated residential dengue occurrence, particularly in dense terrace housing settings. These findings highlight the importance of adapting vector control strategies to local residential environments, including targeted management of peri-domestic vegetation in terrace housing, infrastructure-focused interventions in high-rise settings, and broader environmental management approaches in rural areas.
Yahya et al. (Fri,) studied this question.