Mainstream modern physics holds that the three fundamental forces — gravity, electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force — all propagate at speeds no higher than the speed of light, and fundamentally rejects instantaneous action at a distance. Currently, observing electromagnetic waves generated by oscillating electric charges has led researchers to conclude that electromagnetic force propagates with a time delay equal to the speed of light. This paper redefines the properties of photons: light consists of energy particles rather than material particles. Photons only transmit energy and do not act as carriers of force. Electromagnetic waves are merely periodic fluctuations in the magnitude of electric and magnetic forces, which are secondary phenomena arising from changes in gravitational and electric forces. Gravity and strong nuclear force face great challenges in experiments for regulating their sources instantaneously: gravitational force cannot be altered by instantly changing mass, and strong nuclear force is confined within atomic nuclei, making them unsuitable for testing instant action. In contrast, electric charges can be generated and removed artificially in an instant, so electromagnetic force is the only feasible candidate among the three fundamental forces for experimental verification. Based on the axiom that the three fundamental forces share the same underlying mechanism, this paper puts forward a core inference. If experiments prove that the primitive electromagnetic force acts instantaneously at a distance, gravity and strong nuclear force must also operate instantaneously in accordance with the principle of homologous mechanisms. There is no need to design separate verification experiments for gravity and strong nuclear force. This work mainly presents theoretical deductions and thought experiment designs, while hardware construction and field measurements are left to experimental physicists.
Jiaqing Yan (Sat,) studied this question.