Solar-Lunar Ramadan — How the Qur’an Preserves Fair Fasting Times Around the Earth The Month Upon the Southward Equinox This Qur’an Study MESSAGE publication presents the correction that Ramadan is not a perpetual lunar-only month drifting through all seasons, but the lunar month anchored upon the southward equinox. The study is based primarily on Q 55:5: الشمس والقمر بحسبان The sun and the moon are by calculation. It also reads Q 55:7–9 as the associated balance warning: the sky was raised, the balance was placed, and human beings are warned not to transgress or cause loss in the balance. The publication applies the prior MESSAGE on Q 55:17, The Two Easts and the Two Wests, to the question of Ramadan. It argues that Al-Mizan, in this sky-time context, corresponds to the equinox-balance, and that Solar-Lunar Ramadan restores the Qur’anic pairing of sun, moon, calculation, month, and balance. The mathematical layer includes numbered proofs from the author’s Qur’an Study framework, including Sun-Moon pairing, Q 2:185 Ramadan checkpoints, Word God and Qaf dataset links, and the 2021 source-record of the Solar-Lunar Ramadan study.
Mahmoud Ahmed (Tue,) studied this question.