Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly observed in adolescents, largely driven by unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and excessive screen time, which promote obesity and insulin resistance. Early identification of lifestyle determinants is crucial for effective prevention. This is a narrative review of literature (2010–2025) from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, etc., focusing on lifestyle-related risk factors for T2DM in individuals aged 10–19 years. Both observational and interventional studies examining diet, physical activity, and digital behaviours were included. High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast foods, and energy-dense diets, combined with sedentary behaviour and prolonged screen time, significantly increases T2DM risk. Obese adolescents are particularly vulnerable. Gender differences affect susceptibility and lifestyle patterns. Digital technology contributes to sedentary habits but offers intervention potential through mobile health tools and activity monitoring. Early lifestyle modifications, including diet improvement, increased physical activity, and moderated digital use, can reduce disease incidence and improve metabolic outcomes. Adolescent T2DM is a growing public health concern driven by modifiable lifestyle factors. Multidisciplinary preventive strategies targeting diet, activity, and screen behaviour are essential. Future longitudinal studies should evaluate the long-term impact of lifestyle interventions.
Jha et al. (Tue,) studied this question.