The article "Entropy as Choice: A New Formula for Describing Reality" proposes a revision of the status of entropy in physics. The author argues that entropy is not an absolute characteristic of a system but depends on the choice of the level of description (G) — which degrees of freedom we include and which we average over (coarse-graining). A generalized formula is introduced: S = f(Ω, G), where G is the choice of the level of description. Using the evolution of the Universe as an example, it is shown that the standard picture of "heat death" corresponds to the choice of the maximally coarse level G3. However, other levels of description exist: G1 (the age of stars, ~10⁹ years) gives a picture of a "Stellar Universe" full of events; G2 (the age of compact objects, ~10¹⁵ years) gives a "Dark Universe"; and only G3 (the era of proton decay, ~10¹⁰⁰ years) gives heat death. All three descriptions are true, but for different levels of G. This leads to the main conclusion: entropy is not a property of reality, but a property of its description as chosen by the observer. Heat death is not "what will happen," but "what we will see if we choose the maximally coarse level of description." Practical implication: a physicist must explicitly state the level of description G when making any predictions about the future of the Universe. Without this, the prediction loses its unambiguous meaning. The article is conceptual in nature and offers a new framework for discussing entropy, time, and cosmology.
Alexander Yourievitch Kotelnikov (Wed,) studied this question.