Cyber as Cyber security and emerging technologies are redefining the logic and operational mechanism of the entire global conflict. This chapter critically reviews how offensive cyber operations, defensive resilience, artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, and information warfare have shifted competition from kinetic and physical dominance to control of networks, algorithms, and perception. With reference to military doctrine, post-2020 case studies, and peer-reviewed publications, a critical assessment of five domains viz: (a) an operational domain; (b) AI and autonomous weapons; (c) cyber-physical attacks on critical infrastructure; (d) information operations and cognitive warfare; and (e) emerging governance and norms. Evidence from Ukraine, ransomware campaigns, and Department of Defense AI programs confirms that technology lowers the threshold for conflict and increases the role of non - state actors (Horowitz, 2021; Scharre, 2024). However, strategic outcomes reasonably still depend on organizational capacity, data infrastructure, and legal frameworks rather than technology alone (U.S. Department of Defense, 2020; Bistron & Piotrowski, 2021). Hence, the enumeration of design principles for resilient defense and recommendations for multilateral norms to manage escalation in an increasingly digital battlespace.
THANKGOD et al. (Sat,) studied this question.