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A new simple method is presented for calculating properties of nonuniform real metals, i.e., surfaces, vacancies, small clusters, etc. The bulk metal is represented by a jelliumlike homogeneous electron gas with an effective exchange-correlation energy that includes electron-ion correlations. As an example, the method is applied to calculate surface energies. One-dimensional calculations, with no further corrections for the lattice, give results in reasonable agreement with experiment.
Díaz et al. (1984) studied this question.