What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop and evaluate an eco-friendly Trichoderma asperellum-based bioformulation for managing potato virus Y (PVY) infection in potato plants under growth chamber and field conditions.

August 16, 2026Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture0 citationsOpen Access

Novel green formulation of Trichoderma asperellum as an effective field antiviral candidate for sustainable eco-friendly management of potato virus Y

MRMohamed N. RizkMansoura University HKHammad A. KettaKafrelsheikh University YSYasser M. ShabanaMansoura University

Key Points

To develop and evaluate an eco-friendly Trichoderma asperellum-based bioformulation for managing potato virus Y (PVY) infection in potato plants under growth chamber and field conditions.
Screened bioformulations and selected formula No. 6 (79 ml Trichoderma culture filtrate and 18 ml garlic oil) for testing at concentrations of 5 ml L−1 (C1), 10 ml L−1 (C2), and 20 ml L−1 (C3).
Evaluated protective and post-inoculation antiviral efficacy in growth chambers and open fields using qPCR, biochemical analysis of PR1-b expression, phenol and flavonoid quantification, and growth metrics.
In growth chambers, 20 ml L−1 (C3) reduced PVY content by 100% and 78.33% in protective setups and 89.92% and 75.66% post-inoculation at 21 and 42 days post-inoculation, respectively, while markedly upregulating PR1-b.
In field trials, double-spray post-inoculation C3 treatment reduced PVY viral content by 92%, disease incidence by 60.26%, and disease severity by 70.10% compared to infected controls.
C3 treatment in the field enhanced plant growth compared to infected controls, increasing chlorophyll content by 19.45%, fresh weight by 30.23%, and dry weight by 90.50%.

Abstract

Abstract Background Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most destructive virus affecting potato plants and ranks the fifth most economically significant plant virus worldwide. It continues to pose a serious threat to global potato production. This study aimed to develop a Trichoderma -based bioformulation for combating PVY under field conditions. Results Formulating biocontrol agents offers multiple advantages, including enhanced sustainability, improved efficacy, and ease of application. Screening experiments identified formula No. 6 (79 ml TCF + 18 ml garlic oil) as exhibiting the highest anti-PVY activity; thus, it was selected for further evaluation of its protective and post-inoculation suppressive effects under both growth chamber and open field conditions. In the growth chamber experiment, qPCR analysis revealed that treatment C3 (20 ml L −1 ) outperformed C1 (5 ml L −1 ) and C2 (10 ml L −1 ) in both protective and post-inoculation applications, reducing PVY content by 100% and 78.33% (protective) and 89.92% and 75.66% (post-inoculation) relative to the PVY-infected control at 21 and 42 dpi, respectively. Additionally, C3 treatment markedly upregulated PR1-b gene expression and increased total phenol and flavonoid contents. In open field trials, the C3 treatment effectively protected and reduced the PVY content in the treated PVY-infected potato plants by 92% (post-inoculation double spray), 86% (protective), and 72% (post-inoculation single spray) compared with the PVY-infected control. The post-inoculation (double spray) treatment significantly reduced disease incidence and severity by 60.26% and 70.10%, respectively. In addition, this treatment significantly improved plant growth parameters compared with the PVY-infected control, resulting in increases of 19.45% in chlorophyll content, 30.23% in fresh weight, and 90.50% in dry weight. Conclusion These findings suggest that the formulation is a promising candidate for sustainable PVY management, although further validation is needed before commercial application. The developed product has been submitted to the Egyptian Patent Office.

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