Ayurvedic Understanding of Liver Cirrhosis: A Conceptual Review

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic progressive disorder characterized by fibrosis, architectural distortion, and gradual loss of hepatic function. In Ayurveda, the liver is described as Yakrit, the seat of Ranjaka Pitta and an important organ involved in the formation and regulation of Rakta Dhatu. The pathological condition of liver cirrhosis can be correlated with conditions such as Kumbha Kamala, Yakritodara, and Jalodara described in classical Ayurvedic texts. The disease originates from Pitta Dushti caused by factors like alcohol consumption, improper diet, and untreated hepatic disorders, leading to Agnimandya and Ama formation. As the disease progresses, involvement of Vata Dosha results in fibrosis and tissue degeneration, while Kapha predominance in advanced stages leads to ascites and edema. Ayurvedic management emphasizes Shodhana Chikitsa, particularly Virechana Karma, for eliminating vitiated Pitta and cleansing the Rakta Vaha Srotas. Supportive procedures such as Basti, Snehana, Swedana, and Nitya Virechana in ascitic conditions play an important role in restoring metabolic balance and preventing disease progression. This review highlights the Ayurvedic understanding of liver cirrhosis and the therapeutic significance in its management.