The development of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has its roots in the discovery of X-rays and has since transformed the field of medical imaging. While traditional X-ray imaging provides flat, two-dimensional views of the body, CT creates detailed three-dimensional cross-sectional images by measuring how different tissues absorb X-rays. These absorption patterns reflect the density of tissues, helping to distinguish between structures inside the body. This article explores the core principles behind CTimaging, including the physics of image formation, how tomographic (slice-like) images are produced, and the algorithms used to reconstruct these images from raw data. It also highlights the progression of CT technology, from the early days of single-detector systems that relied on basic rotation and translation movements, to today's advanced multidetector spiral CTscanners that offer faster scans and clearer images. In addition, we examine newer innovations such as cone-beam CT, commonly used in dental and orthopedic imaging for its high-resolution capabilities; dual-energy CT, which provides better tissue differentiation by using two X-ray energy levels; and quantitative CT, which allows for accurate measurement of tissue properties. With continuous advancements, CT has established itself as an essential diagnostic tool, widely used in areas such as tumor detection and cardiovascular assessment, and it continues to evolve with promising future innovations
Kashyap et al. (Fri,) studied this question.