Understanding young adults’ attitudes towards using AI chatbots for psychotherapy: The role of self-stigma

Mental disorders impact a large proportion of individuals worldwide, with young adults being particularly susceptible to poor mental health. Past research shows that help-seeking self-stigma plays a vital role in deterring help-seeking among young adults; however, this relationship has primarily been examined in the context of human-delivered psychotherapy. The present study aimed to understand how young adults' perceptions of help-seeking self-stigma associated with different modes of psychotherapy, specifically human-delivered and artificial intelligence (AI)-delivered, influence attitudes towards using AI chatbots for psychotherapy. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design to measure perceived help-seeking self-stigma and attitudes towards both human- and AI-delivered psychotherapy. The results demonstrated that high help-seeking self-stigma associated with human-delivered psychotherapy was linked to more negative attitudes towards human-delivered psychotherapy but more positive attitudes towards AI-delivered psychotherapy. Moreover, high help-seeking self-stigma associated with AI-delivered psychotherapy was linked to more negative attitudes towards AI-delivered psychotherapy but more positive attitudes towards human-delivered psychotherapy. These findings have important real-world implications for future clinical practice and mental health service delivery. The results indicate that young adults who are reluctant to engage with human-delivered psychotherapy due to help-seeking self-stigma may be more inclined to seek help through alternative modes of psychotherapy, such as AI chatbots. Limitations and future directions are discussed.