Rational Design and Comparison of Novel 99mTc-Labeled FAPI Dimers for Visualization of Multiple Tumor Types

Recognizing the significance of SPECT in nuclear medicine and the pivotal role of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in cancer diagnosis and therapy, this study focuses on the development of 99mTc-labeled dimeric HF2 with high tumor uptake and image contrast. The dimeric HF2 was synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc in one pot using various coligands (tricine, TPPTS, EDDA, and TPPMS) to yield 99mTcTc-TPPTS-HF2, 99mTcTc-EDDA-HF2, and 99mTcTc-TPPMS-HF2 dimers. SPECT imaging results indicated that 99mTcTc-TPPTS-HF2 exhibited higher tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal tissue (T/NT) ratio than 99mTcTc-EDDA-HF2 and 99mTcTc-TPPMS-HF2. Notably, 99mTcTc-TPPTS-HF2 exhibited remarkable tumor accumulation and retention in HT-1080-FAP and U87-MG tumor-bearing mice, thereby surpassing the monomeric 99mTcTc-TPPTS-HF. Moreover, 99mTcTc-TPPTS-HF2 achieved acceptable T/NT ratios in the hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenograft (HCC-PDX) model, which provided identifiable contrast and imaging quality. In conclusion, this study presents proof-of-concept research on 99mTc-labeled FAP inhibitor dimers for the visualization of multiple tumor types. Among these candidate compounds, 99mTcTc-TPPTS-HF2 showed excellent clinical potential, thereby enriching the SPECT tracer toolbox.