Abstract This study provides a comprehensive investigation of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (Lamiaceae) from Türkiye, focusing on its phytochemical composition, biological activities, and anatomical characteristics relevant to its potential as a functional food ingredient. Methanol and aqueous extractions yielded 28.09% and 30.91%, respectively, calculated based on the dry weight of the plant material. Essential oil analysis identified 98.3% of the total composition, with oxygenated monoterpenes, particularly 1,8-cineole (28.2%), terpinen-4-ol (12.0%), and pulegone (7.9%), as dominant constituents. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed α-amylase inhibition of 29.3% by the essential oil, calculated based on the tested sample concentration, and moderate cholinesterase inhibition by the methanolic extract; however, all activities were lower than those of the reference drugs. Morphological analysis confirmed the plant as a mat-forming perennial with dense hirsuteness and capitate inflorescences. Leaf anatomy showed amphistomatic, bifacial structure with diverse trichome types and a well-organized vascular system. The stem anatomy exhibited a quadrangular structure with varied glandular and non-glandular trichomes, developed collenchyma, and a distinct endodermis. The findings of this research could shed light on the medicinal value of Z. clinopodioides , and open up new possibilities for its use in various food products or therapeutic applications.
Ömer Çeçen (Mon,) studied this question.
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