This study examines the seismic performance of masonry buildings in Turkey between 1992 and 2023, focusing on damage assessments after major earthquakes. Common failure mechanisms identified include out-of-plane wall collapse, inadequate connections between perpendicular walls, improper wall openings, and the absence of bond beams. Heavy compacted clay roofs, often used in rural masonry structures, contribute significantly to seismic vulnerability by increasing inertial forces. The irregular use of rubble stones and insufficient mortar adherence led to early structural degradation. The study emphasizes the need for improved construction practices, compliance with seismic codes, and effective retrofitting strategies to enhance the seismic resilience of masonry buildings. Lessons learned from past earthquakes can enable engineers and policymakers to develop more robust guidelines for future earthquake-resistant masonry construction.
Özmen et al. (Fri,) studied this question.