A Combined AHP-Entropy and Game Theory Weighting Approach for Aqueduct Safety Evaluation: A Case Study of the Kezi River Aqueduct

This study applies a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), entropy weight method, and game theory to evaluate the safety of aqueducts, using the Kezi River Aqueduct in Xinjiang, China, as a case study. Field water filling tests were conducted to simulate operational loads, monitoring strain, deflection, and settlement. Subjective weights were derived via an AHP model using a natural index scale, while objective weights were aggregated from existing expert studies via entropy weighting. Game theory was then employed to reconcile these into a final combined weight set across three primary criteria: safety, durability, and applicability. Results show that the aqueduct behaves elastically under load, with measured values well below code limits, confirming adequate bearing capacity. The combined model yielded a comprehensive safety score of 87.15, classifying the structure as ‘first class’ according to DB44/T2041-2017. Although numerous non-structural web cracks were observed, they were assessed as not compromising current structural integrity.