4D printing for minimally invasive biomedical applications: programmable smart materials for deployable devices, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration

Key Points

• Deployable devices can enhance drug delivery and tissue regeneration, improving patient outcomes significantly.
• Smart materials in 4D printing allow devices to change shape, being more effective in surgical applications.
• Analysis of programmable smart materials highlights their versatility in various medical interventions and applications.
• Supports advancements in minimally invasive biomedicine, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.