A comprehensive hydrothermal-economy-environmental analysis of flat solar heaters featuring a novel helically canaliculated absorber tube and windowed design turbulator

Key Points

• Enhanced thermal efficiency was observed due to the innovative helically canaliculated absorber tube design, leading to improved heat transfer.
• The economic analysis highlighted potential cost savings through the implementation of the windowed design turbulator in solar heaters.
• Hydrothermal methods were employed to assess both the economic and environmental impacts, particularly focusing on sustainability aspects.
• These findings imply broader applications of the design, suggesting significant energy savings in solar heating technologies.