Dual functions of pyrite modified polyethylene carrier in Anammox biofilm: Promoting biofilm growth and enhancing nitrogen removal

Key Points

• Anammox biofilm growth is promoted with pyrite modified polyethylene carriers, leading to improved nitrogen removal efficiency.
• Nitrogen removal rates increase significantly, with reported enhancements in biofilm thickness by 25% compared to unmodified carriers.
• Observational analysis involving biofilm interactions showcases the dual role of carriers in both growth and nutrient removal effectiveness.
• The findings suggest potential for more efficient wastewater treatment systems via biofilm optimization, though further studies are needed for scaling.