This article investigates the careful equilibrium between safeguarding freedom of expression and implementing policies to counter racial discrimination and hate speech within court systems. Emphasising international agreements such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), alongside national laws – principally Algeria’s Law No 20–05 (2020) – it adopts a comparative legal analysis informed by perspectives from forensic linguistics. The article addresses essential concerns about the boundaries of free expression, particularly on digital platforms, and the potential for anti-hate-speech legislation to be abused and to suppress dissent. The results offer a deeper understanding of how legal systems can strike a balance between protecting fundamental liberties and preventing discrimination and hate speech.
Boulaares et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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