The article is dedicated to analyzing the mechanisms of financing the transition to sustainable agriculture in the People's Republic of China. The subject of the study is the institutional-financial models of public-private partnerships (PPP) used to implement environmentally friendly agricultural projects. The object of the research comprises ongoing projects and programs in the fields of organic farming, resource-saving technologies, agro-waste processing, and rural ecologicalization, realized with the involvement of private capital from 2015 to 2023. The author thoroughly examines the evolution of the regulatory framework in the context of the "ecological civilization" policy and its impact on the formation of the market for "green" PPPs. Special attention is paid to analyzing the structure of transactions, including risk distribution (construction, operational, market), revenue streams, and management functions between public and private partners. The aim of the work is to systematize and conduct a comparative analysis of the prevailing PPP models, identifying the conditions for their effectiveness and key issues for developing recommendations for their adaptation. The research is based on secondary data analysis, which is due to the limited availability of primary financial and operational information on specific PPP projects. To ensure data comparability and enhance the reliability of the conclusions, a wide range of sources has been used. The main findings of the work are: the dominance of models retaining ownership rights with private investors in infrastructure projects (biogas, logistics) and service concessions in the field of agricultural technologies; the critical role of local government investment platforms as catalysts and co-investors; and the high dependency of the commercial viability of projects on direct subsidies, tax incentives, and government guarantees for product sales. Based on a comparative analysis of cases, a typology of PPP models is proposed, based on the criterion “the target function of the project is the main source of return on private investment,” which allows for a more accurate prediction of their applicability. The novelty of the research lies in its comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, integrating aspects of agricultural economics, environmental policy, and public finance, and focusing specifically on the Chinese experience of "green" PPPs in agriculture, which has not been systematically represented in domestic scientific literature before.
Ziyang Liu (Thu,) studied this question.