Game-theoretic framework uncovers bit-level dynamics in the Collatz conjecture, suggesting structural constraints.
This paper introduces the Bit-Ignition Compression-Explosion (BICE) framework, a game-theoretic and bit-level dynamical approach to the Collatz conjecture. By redefining the accelerated Collatz map as a valuation-dependent affine process , we reinterpret the problem into a study of bit-string kinematics between the Most Significant Bit (MSB) and the Least Significant Bit (LSB). We prove that the MSB growth (expansion) is rigorously limited at , while the LSB shift (contraction), driven by 2-adic valuation, is unbounded. Through an exhaustive classification of admissible transition modes—Expansion, Preservation (Types I & II), and Compression—we identify a fundamental kinematic asymmetry: the bit-span can expand by at most one unit per replication but can drop by an arbitrary magnitude. Our analysis demonstrates that the 1-2-4 cycle acts as an absorbing single-bit state (), projectively equivalent to the terminal state of the classical Syracuse map. This structural bound provides a deterministic base for the dissipative nature of Collatz dynamics, suggesting that the system is kinematically constrained from divergent behavior.
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Thanadon Poomkosum (2026) studied this question.
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