Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The relation among four sources of job performance feedback and expected frequency of promotion showed employees focused almost exclusively on feedback from the supervisor, even though feedback from the task was more closely associated with employees' evaluations of their own performance. Employees both received and used information the organization was sending, but they used it to predict the organization's behavior not to interpret the quality of their own performance.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Martin M. Greller (1992) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: