Effects of Physical Training on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Response to Graded Upright Exercise in Distance Runners

For the physiologist interested in quantitating changes in circulatory and respiratory variables as a result of physical training, three avenues of approach are open. Each has its own theoretical advantages and defects. First, a group of so-called "normal", sedentary individuals may be com- pared with a matched group which has undergone a period of organized athletic training. Secondly, studies may be conducted in aspirants for an athletic team prior to and at the peak of their training period. Finally, a group of sedentary subjects may be put through a formalized training programme.