Adiposity in Adults and Life Expectancy with and without Cardiovascular Disease. The Doetinchem Cohort Study

Figures

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  Legend: Estimated years lived free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with CVD at age 50, by sex and adiposity categories defined by combining BMI and WC thresholds (low, increased, high and very high). Final models were adjusted for age, household composition, education, physical activity, DHD-15 index, smoking (including cigarettes/day in current smokers), alcohol consumption and COPD. Created in https://BioRender.com. Abbreviations: BMI, body-mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPAI, Cambridge Physical Activity Index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LE, life expectancy; DHD, Dutch healthy diet; WC, waist circumference.

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  Figure 1. Flowchart of study participant selection.

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  Figure 2. Definition of adiposity categories based on body mass index and waist circumference thresholds. Legend: Adiposity categories were defined based on AACE/ ACE guidelines, combining BMI thresholds: normal weight <25 kg/m2, overweight 25 to <30 kg/m2, and obesity ≥30 kg/m2; and WC thresholds: healthy WC <94 cm and <80 cm, abdominal overweight 94≤–<102 cm and 80≤–<88 cm, and abdominal obesity ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm, for men and women, respectively. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ACE, American College of Endocrinology.

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  Figure 3. Adjusted HRs for incident CVD and all-cause mortality by adiposity categories, stratified by sex. Legend: HRs and 95% CIs for (i) incident CVD and (ii) all-cause mortality among participants with and without CVD, comparing moderate, high and very high versus low category of adiposity. Adiposity categories were defined by combining BMI and WC thresholds: low, moderate, high and very high. Models adjusted for age, household composition, education, physical activity, DHD-15 index, smoking (status and cigarettes/day in current smokers), alcohol consumption and COPD. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HRs, hazard ratios; WC, waist circumference.

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  Figure 4. Effect of adiposity on sex-specific LE with and without CVD at age 50 years. Legend: Total LE at age 50 divided into CVD-free LE and LE with CVD, by sex and adiposity categories (low, increased, high, very high) defined by combining BMI and WC thresholds. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LE, life expectancy; WC, waist circumference.