Talent is the cornerstone of national innovation and development, forming the foundation for a country’s success in international competition. A nation’s talent competitiveness, reflecting its ability to attract, develop, and retain skilled individuals, is a critical foundational component of its soft power. Based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, human capital theory, and institutional theory, combined with data from the Global Talent Competitiveness Index (GTCI) 2023 and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2022/2023, this study proposes an integrative analytical framework for understanding differences in national talent competitiveness. Selecting data from the GTCI 2023 and GEM 2022/2023, this study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to conduct configuration analysis on talent competitiveness data from 36 countries. The study finds that (1) no single factor between technology, organization, and environment constitutes a necessary condition for global talent competitiveness; (2) three pathways exist that drive high talent competitiveness: technology-driven information and communication and cloud computing, organization-driven tertiary education expenditure and research and development expenditure, and environment-driven social mobility and entrepreneurship, with the technology-driven path being particularly significant; (3) Countries can strategically allocate resources according to their specific social environments to cultivate talent with high levels of competitiveness, thereby enhancing their international status and forming competitive advantages. (4) there are four paths that generate low talent competitiveness, and there is an asymmetric relationship between these paths and the paths that generate high talent competitiveness.
Wang et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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