Mpox (formerly known as Monkeypox) is a zoonotic viral infection caused by the Orthopoxvirus, closely related to the variola virus (VARV) (smallpox). Initially endemic to Central and West Africa, Mpox has re-emerged as a significant global public health threat, particularly during the 2022 and 2024 outbreaks. The 2024 outbreak, caused by the Clade 1b strain, demonstrated increased transmissibility, shorter incubation periods, and more severe symptoms, especially in vulnerable populations such as children and immunocompromised individuals. This review comprehensively examines the epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, transmission dynamics, and public health implications of the evolving Mpox virus. Special attention is given to India’s response and preparedness in managing the current outbreak. The paper further analyzes vaccine efficacy, including JYNNEOS® and ACAM2000®, and explores emerging therapeutic interventions and containment strategies. By synthesizing the latest research, this review highlights the urgent need for international collaboration, enhanced diagnostic capabilities, and equitable vaccine distribution to mitigate the ongoing Mpox crisis.
Umadevi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.