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This paper describes the optimized energy management and a reliability assessment of a renewable energy source (RES)-based microgrid comprising solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, battery storage, and fuel cell systems. This study evaluates system performance under 16 operating scenarios. Reliability indices such as loss of load expectation (LOLE), loss of load probability (LOLP), and expected energy not supplied (EENS) are computed for three configurations: without an energy management system (EMS), with an EMS, and with an optimized EMS. The integration of an EMS significantly improves system reliability by reducing supply interruptions and energy curtailment from 83.3% to 95.3%. Furthermore, applying optimal scheduling in conjunction with an EMS reduces costs by 68.49% per hour compared with a standalone EMS.
Govindarajan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.