Self-assembled monolayers as emerging hole-selective layers enable high-performance thin-film solar cells

Since human society has been rapidly industrializing over the past century, excessive energy consumption and environmental damage have raised awareness of the need for clean, renewable energy sources. Especially after the outbreak of the Russian–Ukrainian war, the development of alternative energy issue has been elevated to an unprecedented strategic level. Solar energy, as one of the clean and renewable energies, is experiencing a historical stage of changing its role from supplementary energy to alternative energy.