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Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising materials for next-generation display and lighting technologies, owing to their wide color tunability, high color purity, narrow emission bandwidths, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and compatibility with low-cost solution processing techniques. While significant progress has been made in monochromatic perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), with external quantum efficiencies exceeding 20%, their commercialization still faces critical challenges in device engineering and stability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in multi-color PeLEDs. We first introduce their operating principles and compare them with other emissive technologies. We then discuss the potential of MHPs for tunable multi-color and white-light emission, with an emphasis on phase segregation issues and lead-free compositions. The review further explores key device engineering strategies, including single-layer white emissions, color patterning techniques, and the emerging concept of hybrid tandem PeLEDs. By covering compositional engineering, degradation mechanisms and mitigation approaches, and advanced device architectures, this review aims to guide future research and accelerate the development of efficient and stable multi-color PeLEDs.
Gaurav et al. (Sat,) studied this question.