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The continuous emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly CO 2 , cause climate challenges. Carbon capture and removal technologies could mitigate the climate challenges arising from greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving the climate targets of the Paris Agreement requires simultaneous implementation of CO 2 capture and removal strategies, such as point-source CO 2 capture and direct air capture. Point-source CO 2 capture aims to address emissions from various sectors, including fossil-fuel-powered energy generation, natural gas processing, fertilizer production, and H 2 and CH 4 production. However, direct air capture targets offsetting emissions from cement and steel fabrication, transportation, and wildfires. This review provides an overview of today's two most studied CO 2 capture and removal technologies: point-source CO 2 capture and direct air capture. It presents recent advances associated with each technology, highlights the advantages, challenges and remaining milestones, and discusses the potential research directions for feasibility enhancements.
Ozden et al. (Wed,) studied this question.