Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
George Antunes, A. Lee Hunt, The Impact of Certainty and Severity of Punishment on Levels of Crime in American States: An Extended Analysis, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), pp. 486-493
Antunes et al. (Sat,) studied this question.