This review describes biomarkers of brain damage, such as S100B and Tau protein, and discusses the role of thromboembolic material in postoperative cognitive dysfunction among orthopedic patients.
This review summarizes the role of various brain damage biomarkers and the optimization of surgical and anesthetic procedures in understanding and preventing postoperative cognitive decline in orthopedic patients.
The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in orthopedic patients varies from 16% to 45%, although it can be as high as 72%. As a consequence, the hospitalization time of patients who developed POCD was longer, the outcome and quality of life were worsened, and prolonged medical and social assistance were necessary. In this review the short description of such biomarkers of brain damage as the S100B protein, NSE, GFAP, Tau protein, metalloproteinases, ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase, microtubule-associated protein, myelin basic protein, α-II spectrin breakdown products, and microRNA was made. The role of thromboembolic material in the development of cognitive decline was also discussed. Special attention was paid to optimization of surgical and anesthetic procedures in the prevention of postoperative cognitive decline.
Dariusz Tomaszewski (Thu,) conducted a review in Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in orthopedic patients. Biomarkers of brain damage was evaluated. This review describes biomarkers of brain damage, such as S100B and Tau protein, and discusses the role of thromboembolic material in postoperative cognitive dysfunction among orthopedic patients.