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A new 7.3 liter direct-injection turbocharged V-8 diesel engine, T 444E, has been designed by Navistar for use in class 2 through class 8 trucks and buses. The engine incorporates many advanced technology features including Hydraulically actuated, Electronically controlled Unit Injectors (HEUI), and a hydraulically actuated, electronically controlled exhaust backpressure device to provide fast warm-up in cold weather. The direct-injection combustion system and the inherent flexibility of the electronic control system combine to make it possible to meet stringent emission goals while simultaneously satisfying customer demand for improved economy and performance.
Hower et al. (Mon,) studied this question.