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Categorical data arise whenever counts, rather than continuous measurements, are made. Such data are especially important in the social sciences, in which qualitative responses to surveys are frequently a source of information, and in medicine, in which classification of patients, treatments, and/or symptoms and judgements with respect to outcomes are the variables of interest. Analysis of categorical data has a long history, beginning at least with Karl Pearson's famous paper (1900). Contributions of major significance were made by R. A. Fisher (e.g., 1934A. Fisher (e.g., , 1936A. Fisher (e.g., , 1941)), From its inception, the analysis of categorical data has, more than many areas of statistics, emphasized multivariate aspects, although many
Nerlove et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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