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A methodic pathway is suggested for the definition, elaboration, evaluation and introduction of farming systems based on an 'integrated' or an 'ecosystem-oriented' vision, both considered more sustainable than a 'world-market-oriented' vision. The objectives of these three basic types of systems are defined in measurable terms with respect to the major social values or interests supported or adversely influenced by agriculture. For each type of system, a strategy is assessed through which the objectives can be achieved while avoiding conflict. Arable farming is taken as an example of the elaboration, evaluation and introduction of integrated and ecosystem-oriented systems. The paper discusses how prototype systems can be developed on an experimental farm, evaluated by a pilot group of farmers and dispersed on a large scale. For the short term it is recommended to focus research and policy on integrated farming systems, as an urgently needed compromise between socioeconomic and socio-ecological interests. For the long term, the development of ecosystem-oriented farming systems is recommended as a means of solving the agricultural crisis in a more comprehensive and sustainable way. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
P. Vereijken (Tue,) studied this question.