B-1 cell (CD5+B220+) outgrowth in murine schistosomiasis is genetically restricted and is largely due to activation by polylactosamine sugars

Previously, we demonstrated that lacto-N-fucopentaose III, a sugar found on egg Ags of Schistosoma mansoni, stimulated splenic B cells from parasite-infected mice to proliferate and produce IL-10 and PGE2. The major source of B cell IL-10 is the B-1 subset (CD5+B220+). Thus we examined whether levels of peritoneal exudate B-1 cells changed as a consequence of infection. In CBA/J, BALB/c, and C3H/HeJ mice, we observed significant increases in B-1 cells at 2 to 4 wk postinfection, declining to baseline by 6 to 8 wk. In contrast, the percentage of B-1 cells remained unchanged in C57BL/6 and BALB/c X.id mice after infection. B-1 cells were not observed in the spleens of infected mice; however, coincident with peritoneal B-1 cell decline, splenic CD23+B220+ cells increased from 11% to 30%. Peritoneal B-1 cells could also be expanded by injection of soluble egg Ag, but not by its deglycosylated form, suggesting a role for carbohydrates in B-1 recruitment. In addition, these cells secreted in vitro large amounts of IL-10 in response to lacto-N-fucopentaose III. Further, this sugar induced B-1 cell outgrowth in CBA/J and C3H/HeJ mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice. Thus, early activation of polylactosamine-reactive, IL-10-producing peritoneal B-1 and splenic B cells may be related to early dominance of the Th2-type CD4+ T cell subset. The degree to which this occurs may in part explain differences in the degree of granulomatous pathology reported among various strains of mouse.