Open data infrastructures

Governments and researchers traditionally focus on the publication of Open Government Data (OGD), whereas the actual use of the data is often neglected. Open data initiatives are often criticized for not realising the promoted benefits, yet only the use of OGD can result in these benefits. OGD use requires several actors, activities and tools; however, these are fragmented and depending on each other. The OGD infrastructure presented in this dissertation aims to enhance the coordination of OGD use. Core components are an advanced and interoperable three-tier metadata model to find, analyse, visualise, interact about and assess OGD, interaction mechanisms to stimulate interaction between OGD users, OGD providers and governmental policy makers, and data quality indicators to assess the data’s fitness for use. This study is among the first to describe the design of an OGD infrastructure. This dissertation contributes to science by providing a comprehensive overview of barriers and functional requirements for OGD use from the perspective of the OGD user, by defining functional building blocks for the design of the OGD infrastructure, and by developing and evaluating a prototype of the OGD infrastructure. Furthermore, this study is the first to apply coordination theory in the field of OGD and shows that coordination of OGD use does not merely require a focus on processes, but additionally requires a technical perspective including the integration of tools, a social perspective including interaction between involved actors, and the interaction between the social and technical perspective. Moreover, while OGD infrastructures traditionally mainly provide discovery metadata, this study confirms several recent studies that different types of metadata (discovery, contextual and detailed metadata) need to be combined to improve OGD use. Finally, whereas kernel theories concerning coordination, metadata, interaction and data quality are often studied separately, this study reveals that it is essential for the development of OGD infrastructures to combine these four kernel theories.