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We have made an ultra-thin (~2.26 µm) f/2.1 lens based on the Pancharatnam phase effect using the polarization holography alignment technique. This lens exhibits a continuous phase profile, high efficiency (>97%), and is switchable from having a positive focal length to a negative one by changing the handedness of input circularly polarized light. We analyzed its optical performance and simulated it as a gradient index lens for further comparison, and to discuss its bandwidth limitation. The conditions required for improving the performance and its low-cost fabrication method is discussed. Because of the nature of Pancharatnam devices and the demonstrated fabrication method, these results are applicable to a wide size range.
Gao et al. (Fri,) studied this question.