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Facial pose and gaze point are fundamental to any visually directed human-machine interface. In this paper we propose a system capable of tracking a face and estimating the 3-D pose and the gaze point all in a real-time video stream of the head. This is done by using a 3-D model together with multiple triplet triangulation of feature positions assuming an affine projection. Using feature-based tracking the calculation of a 3-D eye gaze direction vector is possible even with head rotation and using a monocular camera. The system is also able to automatically initialise the feature tracking and to recover from total tracking failures which can occur when a person becomes occluded or temporarily leaves the image.
Heinzmann et al. (Wed,) studied this question.