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Carbon nanotubes with multifunctional capabilities are prime candidates for quantum wires for use in a variety of novel electronic devices. Unlike conventional semiconductor nanowires, electrons confined to nanotubes have two angular momentum quantum numbers from spin and valley degrees of freedom. This review describes the energy levels associated with the interplay of each of these degrees of freedom and how the spin-orbit interaction affects electronic transport through single and multiple quantum dots created by external field gating. The emphasis on experimental evidence provides essential concepts which are placed into context with recent theoretical advances such as on electron-electron interactions in one dimension.
Laird et al. (Tue,) studied this question.