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In laboratory animals, macrophages play a central role in controlling certain viral infections. Because the adult human lung is more susceptible to infection with cytomegalovirus than herpes simplex virus, we compared the replication of these two viruses in vitro in human alveolar macrophages. The growth of herpes simplex virus in alveolar macrophages was extremely limited, peak titers being only 1.8-fold greater than adsorbed virus titers. Cytomegalovirus, on the other hand, replicated in normal adult alveolar macrophages to the same extent as in permissive tissue culture cell. These data suggest that the human alveolar macrophage may play a central role in the control of lung infection with herpes simplex virus.
Drew et al. (1979) studied this question.