Metabolic syndrome components have divergent effects in heart failure, with insulin resistance and diabetes negatively influencing progression, while obesity and hypertension are favourably associated.
What is the epidemiological and prognostic role of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with heart failure?
This review highlights the complex prognostic role of metabolic syndrome in heart failure, noting that while diabetes and insulin resistance worsen progression, obesity and hypertension may exhibit a paradoxical protective association.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a highly prevalent condition in patients affected by heart failure (HF); however, it is still unclear whether, in the setting of cardiac dysfunction, it represents an adverse risk factor for the occurrence of cardiac events. The epidemiologic implications of MS in HF have been studied intensely, as many of its components contribute to the incidence and severity of HF. In particular, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and lipid abnormalities represent the main components that negatively influence disease progression and evolution. Yet, other components of the MS, i.e. overweight/obesity and high blood pressure, are favourably associated with outcome in HF patients. The aim of this review was to report epidemiology and prognostic role of MS in HF and to investigate current clinical implications and future research needs.
Filardi et al. (Tue,) conducted a review in Heart failure and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was evaluated. Metabolic syndrome components have divergent effects in heart failure, with insulin resistance and diabetes negatively influencing progression, while obesity and hypertension are favourably associated.