Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Early and Late Outcome After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

BACKGROUND: Although patients with diabetes mellitus constitute an important segment of the population undergoing coronary angioplasty, the outcome of these patients has not been well characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data for 1133 diabetic and 9300 nondiabetic patients undergoing elective angioplasty from 1980 to 1990 were analyzed. Diabetics were older and had more cardiovascular comorbidity. Insulin-requiring (IR) diabetics had diabetes for a longer duration and worse renal and ventricular functions compared with non-IR subjects. Angiographic and clinical successes after angioplasty were high and similar in diabetics and nondiabetics. In-hospital major complications were infrequent (3%), with a trend toward higher death or myocardial infarction in IR diabetics. Five-year survival (89% versus 93%) and freedom from infarction (81% versus 89%) were lower, and bypass surgery and additional angioplasty were required more often in diabetics. In diabetics, only 36% survived free of infarction or additional revascularization compared with 53% of nondiabetics, with a marked attrition in the first year after angioplasty, when restenosis is most common. Multivariate correlates of decreased 5-year survival were older age, reduced ejection fraction, history of heart failure, multivessel disease, and diabetes. IR diabetics had worse long-term survival and infarction-free survival than non-IR diabetics. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary angioplasty in diabetics is associated with high success and low complication rates. Although long-term survival is acceptable, diabetics have a higher rate of infarction and a greater need for additional revascularization procedures, probably because of early restenosis and late progression of coronary disease. The most appropriate treatment for these patients remains to be determined.