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Abstract Two‐stage oxidation ponds have traditionally been used for the treatment of dairy‐farm wastewater in New Zealand, but are now considered unsuitable to discharge to waterways. The first full‐scale dairy‐farm advanced pond system (APS), a low‐cost and effective upgrade option for traditional ponds was evaluated over a 2‐year period. The system consisted of an anaerobic pond (AP) (the first pond of traditional oxidation pond systems), a high rate pond (HRP), a pair of algae settling ponds (ASP) and a maturation pond (MP) (which all replace the second pond of traditional systems). APS effluent quality was considerably higher than that of traditional ponds, with respective median effluent concentrations of biological oxygen demand: 43 versus 98 g m −3 , total suspended solids: 87 versus 198 g m −3 , ammoniacal nitrogen: 39 versus 106 gm −3 , total phosphorus: 19 versus 27 g m −3 , and Escherichia coli of 918 versus 70 000 MPN/100 ml. APS show great promise for upgrading traditional dairy‐farm oxidation ponds in New Zealand, particularly in areas where land irrigation is unsuitable.
Craggs et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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