Systematic Review of Literature with Different Types of Designs

In certain situations, which occur with particular frequency in the field of surgery and its related disciplines (where what predominates are observational-type studies), the management of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) is very difficult and as such, conducting a systematic review (SR) based on RCT and realice a meta-analysis is even more difficult. Therefore, we have generated a methodology for implementing a SR with different types of designs (including observational studies) as an alternative in order to clarify the uncertainty in the field of therapy when there are few RCT and the evidence relies so heavily on descriptive and observational studies. The aim of this study, was to set out a methodology that leads to a SR with various types of designs. Methodologycally, this is based on consideration of the different primary studies through the application of a methodological quality score made up of 3 items (type of study design, size of the population studied and methodology used in the study). Once assigned a point score, a calculation of weighted averages with their respective confidence intervals of 95% is applied to each variable to be studied, which finally enables to apply a metaanalysis and compare groups. A methodological proposal leading to a SR with various types of designs.